what do numbers in parentheses mean on a bill; salina cruz mexico real estate; how do i email sanjay gupta. D.B also was a soilder. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. The fact that a novel of such radical social opinion and observation was written in a time of conservatism in America made it all the more controversial. While most of Holden's confusion stems from what he interprets as a homosexual come-on from Mr. Antolini, some of it stems from the conversation they have. I mean thats all I told D.B. Translation of these words depends on the context, which helps to identify their concrete meaning. It is characteristic to English language the availability of words with wide spread meaning. (one code per order). Does Mr. Antolini really make a pass at Holden? He had been given an early acceptance to college and was starting the next semester. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. SparkNotes PLUS In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliffI mean if they're running and they don't look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. The well-known representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway with his writings The Sun Also Rise and A Farewell to Arms.. From the investigated material it can be concluded that: Researching this paper is established that: J. D. Salinger is one of the main representatives of the Modern literature which is experimented with a wide variety of new approaches and techniques, producing a remarkably diverse body of literature. She had lived next door to Holden before he came to Pencey. In this chapter also would be tried to present and analyze certain passages from the Romanian versions of The Catcher in order to draw attention to certain problems that may occur in translation, especially when different cultures are involved. The writings of Salinger, while they may have been excellent in style, have become very controversial for what he has portrayed in the society during this time period, The Catcher in the Ray is a writing of a well-known American writer J. D. Salinger that is marked by a lot of characteristics of Salinger writings. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1994; Stern, James. First of all we should account for the techniques or the main pont of an analyse such as translation dificulties and lexical peculiarities that are used during the Modern Age for pointing out the most esential meaning of the writings that were written during the period. This ungrammatical usage emphasizes the disillusionment Holden feels because almost no one sees the world like he does-he constantly has to reassure him that others would do the same thing or feel the same way. In The Catcher in the Rye Holdens main purpose was to be free from the suffering. Romanian translation used either obsolete or dialectal / regional words and expressions (or both) through out the novel and this can point out an obvious difference of language use between generations. In order to achieve the main goal and to study these important features of this theme the following specific objectives must be considered. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room . The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. The author used in his work epithets in order to make the reader to see easily the true in the navel and to create interest for reading the novel which would capture readers attention quickly and without any questions. Supplementations of parts of speech are characterized by several factors: difference in structures of the sentences and that short English sentences demand spread translation in the Romanian language. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing $24.99 In the end of researching this paper was established two interesting facts, the first is : The Catcher in the Rye can be strongly considered as one of the greatest novels of all time and Holden Caulfield distinguishes himself as one of the greatest and most diverse characters., The second is: Written translation as well as oral one presents itself a complex and manifold process. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. In the book there are many examples of the theme of the painfulness of growing up in the book. Besides, Im not going to tell you my whole goddam autobiography or anything. . The most important patterns, themes and motifs in Salingers fiction were the centre of this chapter, but before embarking upon discussing Salingers literary trademarks, it has to be approached the issue concerning the controversy around Salinger and his ability to maintain his reputation in the context of his self-imposed reclusive lifestyle. Through this hyperbole the author wanted to point out to the reader what could do one little English job through this stylistic device the author intensify the functions of a little English job.. Afterwards, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater." He later gets into a fight with Stradlater over a crush . Louis Menand agrees, writing in The New Yorker that Salinger "stopped writing stories, in the conventional sense. He seemed to lose interest in fiction as an art formperhaps he thought there was something manipulative or inauthentic about literary device and authorial control." Each symbol has a different effect on Holden Caufields Life, emotions, and actions. American Literature books summary. The symbols I have chosen display Holden Caufields emotions, actions, and way of life. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him,who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead.One of the central questions that Holden asks in the book, and never receives a satisfactory answer to, is how can a young person die and the world, his family, accept it and move on with their lives. What does Stradlater ask Holden to write for him? The Ducks vanish every winter, but they return every spring. The psychological battles of the novel's main character, Holden Caulfield, serve as the basis for critical argument. Sometimes it can end up there. He is angry at life for being so unfair. But it is what it aims at. Why did Holden do what he did to his composition? Stradlater didn't like it, he was annoyed because he was supposed to write about a room Why did Stradlater punch Holden? creating and saving your own notes as you read. Stuff is a collection of junk or a group of items or matter. Life is a game, boy. The New Republic, Vol. Lexical peculiarities that characterise this novel and the style of the author are Themes, Motifs and Symbols which are one of the major and that could be easily identified in the novel The Catcher in the Ray by J. D. Salinger. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. However, if Fred and Joe agree on the fact that the cat has fleas, they may further question why this is so and put forth an explanation: "The reason the cat has fleas is that the weather has been damp." Rev. Focused on some of Holdens linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salingers humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. about, []. Some have argued that Salinger's tale of the human condition is fascinating and enlightening, yet incredibly depressing. you to an academic expert within 3 minutes. The purpose of metaphor is to liven up the text, make it more colorful, dramatic and witty - that is, metaphor carries out an emotive function. Only by seeing the real function of the language can people understand why Salinger is a master in rendering and imitating teenagers colloquial speech and thus come closer to the essence of the novel. One of those little English jobs that can do around two hundred miles an hour. In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? Then if he does it, he does it his way. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. An important stylistic device that was used by the author in his writing is epithet. The many negative reactions were mainly caused by the social and political background of the postwar period, by misunderstanding the text, by misreading it, by associating the novel with famous criminals and the reading of the novel by the wrong audienceteenagers instead of adults. Salinger portrays all of society to be bad, and for many character's isolation from society is the only way to achieve happiness. And hes also an important influence for writers as Harold Brodkey or the two Pulitzer Prize- winners John Updike and Philip Roth. Finally, idioms cannot be syntactically modified. They have the same attitude towards other people and they think the same way, too. There are three types of stylistic devices which were used by the author in The catcher in the Ray: Dictionary and contextual (Metaphors, metonymy, irony etc. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract or concrete. 81) The Ducks in the pond are symbolic in many ways, they prove that some vanishings are only temporary. You Have to Read in the course of. A translator should not try to preserve the stylistic device given in the sentence, but reproduce its function in the target language. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1988. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. One of those little English jobs that can do around hundred miles an hour. And Stradlater started getting mad and saying "no wonder you're flunking the hell out of here," or "you don't do ne dame thing the way you're supposed to." a. Latest answer posted November 15, 2019 at 6:03:44 PM. burlesque examples in catcher in the rye burlesque examples in catcher in the rye Meaning is not some abstract object that is independent of people and culture. So it can be concluded that Salinger tries to explain what these three elements can do for search the true happiness. Ellipsis involves the omission of an item. Mr. Antolini advises him to begin applying himself and provides Holden with a place to sleep. Every citizen how the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . Salinger uses much of the symbolism to show how the life of the characters has become happy. In recent years, Salinger's later work has been defended by some critics; in 2001, Janet Malcolm wrote in The New York Review of Books that "Zooey" "is arguably Salinger's masterpiece. Rereading it and its companion piece "Franny" is no less rewarding than rereading The Great Gatsby". The whole arrangements designed for men who, at some time or other in their lives, were looking for something their own environment couldn't supply them with. The author used this kind of interjection in order to describe Holdens surprise to the question given by the old Spenser Oh, well its long story (J. D. Salinger: 29) J. D. Salinger used this interjection in order to demonstrate that Holden didnt know the story. In the end can be concluded that the main Lexical translation problems are: Practically, stylistic devices in almost all languages are similar still though their functions in speech vary. You can use it as an example when writing Little Brown Books, New York: 1945. Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. The stylistic changes are as necessary as grammatical or lexical ones. Once an idiom or fixed expression has been recognized and interpreted correctly, the next step is to decide how to translate it into the target language. Volume 17, The World book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc a Scott Fetzer Company Chicago London Sydney Toronto 1997; http://www.digischool.nl/ckv1/literatuur/salinger/salinger1.htm. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. Richard Yates wrote at The New York Times in 1977 that Salinger is a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word. The problem is to find a translating expression. Slang should be distinguished from jargon, which is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession. In the theory of translation, this type of code switching is called atransformation. This book has had a huge impact on teenagers all over the world. In this case, a translator who is not familiar with the idiom in question may easily accept the literal interpretation and miss the play on idiom. Its a symbol of uniqueness and individuality as well. But he refuses to acknowledge this fear, expressing it only in a few instancesfor example, when he talks about sex and admits that [s]ex is something I just don't understand. You'll also receive an email with the link. Whatever the difficulty in the translation process, procedures must aim at the essence of the message and faithfulness to the meaning of the source language text being transferred to the target language text. There are several tests for polysemy, but one of them is zeugma: if one word seems to exhibit zeugma when applied in different contexts, it is likely that the contexts bring out different polysemes of the same word. The only instances that create problems for the translator are the stable, recurrent lexical idioms that for their metaphorical meaning do not rely only on the readers logic at the moment of reading but also, and above all, on the value that such a metaphor has assumed in the history of the language under discussion. As the source of the book's title, this symbol merits close inspection. The red hunting hat is one of the most recognizable symbols from twentieth-century American literature. These characteristics frustrate Holden, and they make Stradlater . He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953), a collection of a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961), and a collection of two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). The scientists identify the next types of translation difficulties and these types are: The first step towards an examination of the process of translation must be to accept that although translation has a central core of linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics, the science that studies sign systems or structures, sign processes and sign functions (Hawkes, Structuralism and Semiotics, London, 1977). "Aw, the World's a Crumby Place." Holden realizes the irony that he is flunking out of Pencey, yet is still asked to do work for others. During a great period of searching it was identified three types of translation difficulty: In his article `On Linguistic Aspects of Translation', Jacobson distinguished three types of translation: But Dagut's distinction between `translation' and `reproduction', like Catford's distinction between `literal' and `free' translation does not take into account the view that sees translation as semiotic change. Allie is a special person to Holden because of his intelligence and kindness, When Holden accepted the favor of writing Stradlater's composition, Holden has also accepted an obstacle in his time during his stay in Pencey Prep. . All authors agree that dictionaries are not always reliable tools in this sense. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. He lets the reader know how the character feels at that time and his or her thoughts. It was tried to achieve this aim by centering on the case study of comparing and analyzing in detail the differences and similarities, the gains and the losses that have occurred both in the English and in the Romanian versions. (Salinger 201). .of becoming dangerously convoluted and static, Lodge implicitly challenges critics to revisit and reassess Salingers body of work. What does Holden write Stradlater's composition about why is the object he writes about important to him what eventually happens to the essay Why? It completely unsettles him, and leaves him feeling confused and unsure. In the same way that the surgeon, operating on the heart, cannot neglect the body that surrounds it, so the translator treats the text in isolation from the culture at his peril. It was the first time an author, dared to tell it how it really is and tried to open America's eyes to understand the thoughts of a typical adolescent teenager. Holden has already demonstrated that he fears and does not know how to deal with conflict, confusion, and change. One of the central questions that Holden asks in the book, and never receives a satisfactory answer to, is how can a young person die and the world, his family, accept it and move on with their lives. What did Holden write a composition about? All these meanings of this word could be seen in the third chapter in the example dirty hell in English that is translated into Romanian as ngrozitor de murdare that point out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word in his novel but and the secondary meanings of the word. Of course, Holden himself is guilty of both these crimes. 10 minutes with: The Importance of Stradlater's Composition in the Catcher in the Rye, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title Practically, even identical words in different languages are not always equal in their meaning, they never correspond completely. After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules., [Ackley] took another look at my hat . Intralinguistic translation, or rewording means interpreting verbal signs through other signs of the same language. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. Attempting to remedy this, Bethany K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter argue that an expression should be considered "true slang" if it meets at least two of the following criteria: The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. In short, must take into account all the above mentioned elements while translating the text. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. The conclusion is that the major themes, patterns and motifs that recur in Salingers fiction and develop into major and instantly recognizable archetypes, his trademarks, and at the same time a very clear indication of the very evolution of his writing technique, mainly refer to: The research has also led to the conclusion that the recurrent pattern of the letter or of the note plays a very well defined role in J. D. Salingers fiction and it is usually manifested through the characters repeated reading or memorizing of them in different (mostly difficult) situations. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. Every statement made about the work by a reader of the translation should also be true of the original text. Such situations made the translators task and work tremendously difficult because they had to find ways of compensating the loss caused by the inability of recreating a similar effect in the TT because Romanian has a system in which words are written the same way they are read as opposed to English which has a different system. There are different types of lexical difficulties in translation and the main of them are: A polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings. When Holden is writing a composition about a baseball glove for Stradlater, he reminisces about his little brother, Allie, who dies because of his sickness in which was leukemia. For intricate and unspoken reasons, seemingly stemming from Allie's death, Holden has trouble dealing with this kind of complexity. He always mentions when hes wearing it and he often doesnt wear it if he is going to be around people he associates with. Short Summaries of the Books . Why? Why is Holden obsessed with the ducks at the Central Park Lagoon? The conversation succinctly illuminates key aspects of Holden's character. All mentioned above features about translation difficulties single out that it can be concluded: there are three main types of translation difficulties: grammatical, lexical and stylistical difficulties in translation. Holden can think about and judge the Eskimo in the display case, but the Eskimo will never judge him back. While it is appropriate to discuss the novel in such terms, Holden Caulfield is an unusual protagonist for a bildungsroman because his central goal is to resist the process of maturity itself. Rev. assignments. Holden, traumatized and aware of the fragility of the life by his brother Allies death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearances. Holden tears up the composition because Stradlater dislikes the poem and which infuriates him. There are two cases in which an idiom can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already familiar with it: Apart from being alert to the way speakers and writers manipulate certain features of idioms and to the possible confusion which could arise from similarities in form between source and target expressions, a translator must also consider the collocational environment which surrounds any expression whose meaning is not readily accessible. It also helps to improve ones understanding of the principal rules of translation which plays leading role while processing translation. database? Another important aspect concerning the importance of translations in general, and of Salingers s Romanian version in particular, is that much of the target audience has access to a literary text only through its translation in the TL. But in real-world relationships, people talk back, and Phoebe reveals how different her childhood is from Holden's romanticized notion. By throwing a tantrum. "Anything. Of all the places in the novel where Holden discusses his hat, the most famous and recognizable symbol in the book, this is probably the most enlightening.